Una proteínaWalking developed in Argentina could protect the cornea after chemical burns

A corneal burn caused by an alkaline substance, such as concentrated lime or laundry detergent, can destroy in a matter of days both the transparency of the cornea and its natural absence of blood vessels. The consequences may include lasting vision problems. In that context, an Argentine research team developed a topical fusion protein that, in preclinical studies with rats, reduced some of the damage associated with this type of injury.

A treatment designed to stay where the injury occurs

The compound is called Cementoin-SLPI and combines two molecules with different functions. SLPI has anti-inflammatory properties, while Cementoin acts as an anchor that attaches to injured tissue at the site where the enzyme transglutaminase is active. The aim of this combination is to keep the compound in the damaged area and concentrate its effect locally.

The importance of preventing blood vessels from growing inside the cornea was underlined by Juan Eduardo Gallo, an ophthalmologist and director of the Translational Medicine Research Institute of the Austral University and CONICET, who led the study. He explained that the abnormal growth of blood vessels alters the cornea’s natural transparency and promotes chronic inflammatory processes that can seriously compromise vision.

For the experiment, the researchers induced standardized alkaline burns in rats and divided the animals into three groups. One received the Cementoin-SLPI fusion protein, another received isolated SLPI and the third was given a control solution without an active ingredient. The team then compared the clinical evolution and examined tissue samples using histological techniques, immunofluorescence and gene-expression studies.

• In the control group, all evaluated eyes showed blood vessels in the middle layer of the cornea, and half also had them in the deeper layer.
• In the animals treated with Cementoin-SLPI, no vessels appeared in either of those layers.
• At seven days, the experimental treatment was associated with a smaller area of the cornea invaded by new blood vessels and lower opacity.
• The outer epithelial layer, which acts as a barrier against bacteria and irritating substances, recovered more quickly in the animals that received the compound.
• Molecular analyses detected lower levels of mediators linked to inflammation and blood-vessel growth, including TNF-α, IL-17 and VEGF.

The findings were published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. They represent a promising preclinical advance, but not yet a proven treatment for people. The researchers project beginning human trials in 2028, a stage that will require further evidence on safety, dosage and effectiveness.

There is still a long way from the consultation room. Even so, the work offers a concrete strategy for a severe emergency, and one that deserves to be followed carefully. I believe the municipality should support the institutions involved in this research, not only through funding but also by promoting clear information about the risks of chemical eye burns and the need for immediate professional assistance when they occur.